Green Energy Technology-The Pathway To Sustainable Energy Sufficiency For Nigerian Rural Communities: Itoikin Case Study

Sufficient energy is pivotal to the socio-economic development of any country. Rural communities in Nigeria lack energy access owing to long distance, difficult terrain and cost of grid extension.The alternative solution to the use of fossilized power generation to solving the energy crises in these rural communities and guaranteeing sustainable energy access is the use of green energy technology-renewable energy resources. Fortunately, renewable energy resources abound in Nigeria and are harnessable using appropriate green energy technology. This work considered the evaluation of an off-grid small hydro power (SHP)-solar photovoltaic (PV)-diesel generator (DG) – battery bank (BB) hybrid power system as a pathway to attaining energy sufficiency and sustainability for Nigeria's rural communities using Itoikin, a rural community in Lagos state, as case study. Aye river in Itoikin and the solar resource of this community were used for the study. The peak load of the area was obtained from the Nigeria’s National Control Center (NCC), Oshogbo, while the daily load profile was projected through questionnaire. The hydro data of the area were obtained from Ogun-Oshun River Basin Development Authority, Abeoukuta, Ogun state, while the solar data were obtained from National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA)’s global satellite database. The capital costs of all the system components were from different component manufacturers and suppliers in Nigeria and Oversea. These parameters were the input for the hybrid optimization model for electric renewable (HOMER) software used the for simulation. The optimal energy systems were selected using the criteria of less levelised cost of energy (LCOE), less net present cost (NPC), less excess electricity, minimum annual capacity shortage etc. The resultant hybrid architecture was also compared with an autonomous diesel generator for the same community in terms of emission and economic consideration to appreciate the ecological advantage of green energy technology. The results showed that PV-BB-SHP is the optimal configuration for Itoikin area. The NPC is $1,464,633,000, LCOE $0.276/kWh and renewable fraction (RF) 100%. The result shows environmentally benign hybrid power system that can guarantee sustained and sufficient energy access to Itoikin community at minimum cost to improve the community's quality of live and socio-economic activities. The work will can also provide the impetus to researchers, investors, government and policy makers for green energy technology exploitation in Nigerian rural communities lacking energy access.

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